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Real estate investment can be a lucrative and stable source of passive income. However, like any other investment, it requires understanding the financial metrics that drive the industry. This article will discuss the top real estate metrics every investor should know to make sound investment decisions.
9 Real Estate Metrics
Cash on Cash Return: The cash on cash return is the most important real estate metric for investors. It calculates an absolute rate of return based on a property’s cash flow. The formula for calculating cash on cash return is Net Operating Income divided by Total Investment. For example, if a rental property generates $100,000 in gross income with expenses totaling $75,000, the net income would be $25,000, and if the total invested capital were $100,000, then the cash on cash return would be 25%.
Gross Rent Multiplier (GRM)
The gross rent multiplier, or GRM, is an absolute measure of the relationship between how much it costs to buy a property and the revenue the property can produce. The formula for calculating GRM is Purchase Price divided by Net Rental Income. For example, if a property with a purchase price of $150,000 has a net rental income of $10,000, the GRM would be 15. However, the ideal GRM is usually between 6 and 9. If you want to invest in a property with a higher GRM, you must consider seeking an expert’s prepared real estate financial model.
Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate)
The capitalization rate, or Cap Rate, is the rental income earned from a property, expressed as a percentage of its total value. For example, if a rental property produces $10,000 in net operating income and has a market value of $150,000, the Cap Rate would be 7%. Calculating Cap Rate is Annual Net Operating Income divided by Total Market Value.
Internal Rate of Return
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a powerful tool that helps determine a property’s potential return on Investment. It is also a critical metric for determining a property’s true value. The IRR is usually determined by calculating the future cash flows and dividing the net present value by the initial investment amount.
Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV):
The Loan to Value Ratio measures how much leverage is applied to an asset. It calculates how much money you’ll need to borrow depending on the property’s current fair market value. The LTV is also a good measure of how much equity you hold in a property, not just for financing but also for the value of your portfolio and assets when including debt.
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
The Debt Service Coverage Ratio compares how much operating income you have available for servicing debt with how much overall debt you have. Divide the property’s net operating income by its debt service to determine the debt service coverage ratio.
Average Annual Return:
The average annual return is the average yearly return an investor can expect to earn from a property. Calculating the average annual return before investing in any property is essential. The formula for calculating the average yearly return is (Ending Property Value – Initial Investment + Cash Flow) divided by (Years of Ownership x Initial Investment).
Net Operating Income (NOI):
Net Operating Income (NOI) is the total revenue generated from a property after deducting operating expenses. NOI is an essential metric for determining the profitability of an investment property.
Operating Expense Ratio:
The Operating Expense Ratio is the ratio of operating expenses to gross active income. It’s essential to maintain a low operating cost. The calculating operating expense ratio formula is Operating Expenses divided by Gross Operating Income.
Different sets of quantitative measurements are used to evaluate the financial performance of a rental property investment or a real estate investment. Rental property metrics include rental yield, cash-on-cash return, NOI, and capitalization rate, while real estate investment metrics include IRR, ROI, cash flow, and equity multiple. Real estate return metrics focus on the returns generated by a real estate investment and may consist of total return, cash-on-cash return, and capitalization rate. Lastly, real estate performance metrics help investors assess the quality of the investment property through metrics such as occupancy rate, rent growth, and tenant retention rate, which inform decisions on future investments.
Bottom line:
In conclusion, rental property metrics, real estate investment metrics, real estate return metrics, and real estate performance metrics are all important indicators that help investors make informed decisions about their investments in real estate. By understanding these metrics, investors can evaluate the potential profitability of a property, compare different investment opportunities, and track the performance of their investments over time. Each of these metrics provides a unique perspective on the Investment, and a combination can give a more comprehensive picture of the investment opportunity. Ultimately, carefully analyzing these metrics can help investors minimize risk and maximize returns in their real estate investments.
Why Hire Ceptrum as Your Financial Analyst?
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